There are several factors that affect the adoption of improved wheat technology in smallholder farmers, including: 1. Access to Inputs: Smallholder farmers may not have access to quality seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs required for improved wheat production. This can limit their ability to adopt new technologies. 2. Cost of Inputs: Even if smallholder farmers have access to inputs, the cost of these inputs may be too high for them to afford. This can discourage them from adopting new technologies. 3. Knowledge and Awareness: Smallholder farmers may not be aware of the benefits of improved wheat technology or how to use it effectively. Lack of knowledge and awareness can limit their willingness to adopt new technologies. 4. Infrastructure: Poor infrastructure such as roads, storage facilities, and markets can limit the adoption of improved wheat technology by smallholder farmers. This is because they may not be able to transport their produce to markets or store it properly. 5. Climate Change: Climate change can affect the adoption of improved wheat technology by smallholder farmers as it can lead to unpredictable weather patterns and crop failures. 6. Government Policies: Government policies such as subsidies, tariffs, and regulations can either encourage or discourage the adoption of improved wheat technology by smallholder farmers. 7. Socio-economic Factors: Socio-economic factors such as gender inequality, poverty, and lack of education can also affect the adoption of improved wheat technology by smallholder farmers. For example, women may have limited access to resources and decision-making power in some communities which can limit their ability to adopt new technologies.