Inductive argument: - Premise: All the swans observed so far are white. - Conclusion: All swans are white. This is an inductive argument because the conclusion is based on observations, but it is not certain that all swans are white. Invalid argument: - Premise: All dogs are mammals. - Premise: All cats are mammals. - Conclusion: Therefore, all dogs are cats. This is an invalid argument because the conclusion does not follow logically from the premises, even though the premises are true.